Disinfectants are essential in preventing the spread of colds and flu, as they can effectively destroy viruses and bacteria on frequently touched surfaces. They work by destroying or inactivating microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi on surfaces. They prevent the transfer of these microorganisms to the hands and thus reduce the risk of transmitting the infection to other people.
Among the most common disinfectants used for colds and flu are alcohol disinfectants that contain ethyl alcohol in a concentration of 60-90%. These disinfectants are effective in killing viruses and bacteria on surfaces. In addition to alcohol disinfectants, various other disinfectants can be used, such as sprays, gels, or wipes, which contain disinfectant ingredients such as chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, and other chemicals that are effective in killing microorganisms. Alcoholic disinfectants destroy the lipid membrane of viruses and bacteria, thus preventing their reproduction. When the disinfectant is applied to the surface, the alcohol penetrates the microorganisms and damages their cell membrane, which destroys the microorganisms. Other disinfectants work similarly but may use different mechanisms, such as oxidation, protein denaturation, or cell wall dissolution, to kill microorganisms. In addition to destroying microorganisms on surfaces, disinfectants also help prevent the transfer of infection to hands, reducing the risk of spreading the disease between people.
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